HumenhukCIPP/E Study Guide
Ch 3.8 - AI Regulation

EU Artificial Intelligence Act

Reviewed by Victor Humenhuk. Published . Reviewed .

The Commission proposed an AI regulation on 21 April 2021. The adopted EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, entered into force on 1 August 2024 and became generally applicable on 2 August 2026, with phased exceptions. It prohibits defined AI practices, regulates high-risk systems and sets a top fine of €35 million or 7% of worldwide annual turnover for prohibited practices.

The Commission published its proposal on 21 April 2021. The final EU AI Act entered into force on 1 August 2024. It prohibits defined practices, regulates high-risk AI systems and applies other duties in stages. Most provisions became applicable on 2 August 2026, while some high-risk system rules have later dates.

Don't confuse the fine caps

Under Article 99 of the adopted AI Act, prohibited practices can attract a fine of up to €35 million or 7% of worldwide annual turnover. Other listed operator breaches can attract up to €15 million or 3%. The GDPR uses different fine tiers.

Key terms - quick answers

What is “AI Regulation”?
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, the EU's risk-based legal framework for artificial intelligence.
What is “High-risk AI systems”?
AI systems subject to the AI Act's detailed risk-management, documentation and oversight duties.

Sources and study method

This independent lesson uses active recall, spaced retrieval and scenario practice. Read the full study method.